“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period is a five-year period of rapid development of cultural relics in my country. The national cultural relics system conscientiously implements the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, adheres to the general tone of work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, focusing on the main focus, reforming and innovating, working hard, and successfully completing the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" plan. Mission, the cultural relics undertaking has made new achievements. Recently, Liu Yuzhu, director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, accepted an exclusive interview with our reporter on the development of my country's cultural relics during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period.

　　Reporter:“Twelfth Five-Year Plan” will end soon. Looking back on the five years, what are the aspects that impressed you about the development of cultural relics during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period?

　　Liu Yuzhu: Looking back on the cultural relics work over the past five years, the general feature is that the awareness of cultural relics protection in the whole society has increased significantly, and the cultural relics undertaking has shown an unprecedented good situation. First of all, the Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to cultural relics work. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions and important instructions on the inheritance and promotion of the excellent Chinese traditional culture and strengthening the protection of cultural relics, which has pointed out the direction for the development of cultural relics. The State Council held a national cultural relics work conference to deploy cultural relics work in the new era. The "Museum Regulations" was promulgated and implemented, and the "Opinions on Further Doing a Good Job in the Protection of Chinese Relics in Tourism and Other Development and Construction Activities" was issued. Secondly, the attention of all parties has continued to increase. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress carried out inspections on the enforcement of the Cultural Relics Protection Law, and local people's congresses at all levels intensified their enforcement and supervision of the Cultural Relics Protection Law. The CPPCC National Committee bi-weekly consultation forum provides advice and suggestions on the protection of cultural relics and public cultural services. Local party committees and governments at all levels, especially leading cadres, have continuously improved their awareness of the importance of cultural relics work, their awareness of protecting cultural relics in accordance with the law has increased, their support for cultural relics has been increasing, and a series of policies and measures to strengthen cultural relics have been introduced. Third, the work pattern of working together and co-management has basically taken shape. The cultural relics department has further closer communication and cooperation with the foreign affairs, development and reform, education, science and technology, industry and information, public security, finance, land, environmental protection, housing and construction, commerce, culture, industry and commerce, tourism, religion, ocean and other departments. Inter-ministerial coordination mechanisms such as cultural heritage protection and cultural heritage tourism have played an active role. National general public budget expenditures on cultural relics in five years totaled 140.4 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 16.5%, of which the central government’s cultural relics expenditures in five years totaled 60.7 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 17.1%. Fourth, the channels for social participation have been continuously expanded. The number of non-state-owned museums reached 982, accounting for 22% of the total number of museums in the country; the team of cultural relics protection volunteers is growing, and the role of cultural relics protection social organizations is brought into play; Quwo of Shanxi, Kaiping of Guangdong, Yixian of Anhui, Jinhua of Zhejiang and other places mobilize social forces , Actively explore various forms of cultural relic protection practices and achieve results.

　　Reporter: During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, cultural relics work centered on the overall situation of the party and the country, carried out fruitful work, and received good social response. Please tell us about the relevant situation.

　　Liu Yuzhu: In the past five years, the awareness and ability of cultural relics work to actively serve and act actively around the overall situation of the party and the country has been significantly enhanced. First, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War, we investigated the preservation of 186 anti-Japanese relics of key cultural relics in the country one by one, completed 46 anti-Japanese cultural relics protection, repair, display and utilization projects, and realized cultural relics system management. The 113 used Anti-Japanese War cultural relics were all open to the public, and 333 Anti-Japanese War cultural relics were displayed and exhibited. The second is to implement the "One Belt, One Road" national strategy. The Silk Road transnational joint application for heritage was a complete success. The preliminary work of the Maritime Silk Road application was stepped up. The Maritime Silk Road Exhibition and the Silk Road Cultural Relics Exhibition were successively held to Tanzania, Sri Lanka hosts the Maritime Silk Road Exhibition. During the APEC meeting, President Xi Jinping introduced the Silk Road Cultural Relics Exhibition to guests from various countries and praised the exhibition for vividly embodying the Silk Road spirit of peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning, mutual benefit and win-win results. The third is to strengthen the protection of revolutionary cultural relics, complete the protection and upgrading project of the Yan'an revolutionary site group, carry out the repair and protection project of the revolutionary site in the Central Soviet area such as southern Jiangxi, and effectively protect 445 sites of the Yan'an Revolution and the revolutionary sites in 8 cities and 54 counties in Jiangxi. Develop red tourism and support the revitalization and development of old revolutionary areas. The fourth is to implement the spirit of the Second Xinjiang Work Symposium of the Central Committee and the Sixth Tibet Work Symposium of the Central Committee, and comprehensively promote the protection plan and key projects of the counterpart assistance to Xinjiang and Tibet’s cultural relics. The central government has invested a total of 2.8 billion yuan in five years for counterpart assistance. The province has invested a total of 150 million yuan in five years to jointly support the development of cultural relics in frontier minority areas. Fifth, we strongly supported the restoration and reconstruction of the disaster-stricken areas. 245 cultural relics rescue and repair projects after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and 60 cultural relics rescue and protection projects after the Qinghai Yushu earthquake were all completed, and all 130 cultural relics rescue and protection projects after the Lushan earthquake in Sichuan started. Sixth, coordinate the protection of cultural relics in major national construction projects such as the Three Gorges Project, South-to-North Water Diversion, West-East Gas Pipeline, high-speed railways, highways, and new urbanization, and promote economic and social development and historical and cultural inheritance with high-quality and efficient services.

　　Reporter: The protection of cultural relics has always been the focus of cultural relics work. Please give an overview of the important progress in cultural relics protection over the past five years.

　　Liu Yuzhu: During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan,” period, the protection of cultural relics has been significantly increased, and the protection of cultural relics has been greatly improved. First of all, we have basically found out the status of cultural relics resources, and approved and announced the third national cultural relics census data. There are more than 766,722 immovable cultural relics registered nationwide; the first national census of movable cultural relics has been fully promoted, and cultural relics have been collected and kept nationwide. The total number of state-owned units in China has reached 15,300, of which 8,346 collection units have completed the registration of declared collections, and the national cultural relics resource library and the "cultural relics ID card" system have basically been completed. A survey of the resources of the Great Wall was completed, and it was announced that the total lengths of the Great Walls of the past and the Ming Dynasty were 21,196.18 kilometers and 8,851.8 kilometers, respectively. Carry out the survey of underwater cultural heritage, and get a preliminary understanding of the distribution and stock of underwater cultural relics throughout the country. The State Council approved and announced the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the total number of key cultural relics protection units nationwide reached 4,296. Secondly, the key projects of cultural relics protection have been steadily advanced, and a large number of important immovable cultural relics have been effectively protected. The key protection projects of Chengde Mountain Resort and surrounding temples, Dazu Rock Carved Thousand Hands Guanyin Statues, and early buildings in southwestern Shanxi were successfully completed; key protection projects of the Great Wall were completed as scheduled. 410 kilometers of the Great Wall were repaired and reinforced, 1402 single buildings, and 18,000 Great Wall protection signs were established. One; key repair projects such as the Safe Forbidden City, Zhengding Ancient City, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, and Wudang Mountain Ancient Buildings have been comprehensively promoted. A breakthrough was made in the protection of underwater cultural relics. The Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage was established. my country’s first underwater archaeological work ship was launched. The Beihai Base, Nanhai Base, Ningbo Base, and Wuhan Base accelerated the construction of "Nanhai I". , "Dandong No. 1" and other shipwreck archaeological excavation work progressed in an orderly manner, and progress was made in the underwater archaeological investigation of the Xisha waters. China’s World Cultural Heritage application has achieved great success for 13 consecutive years. The Silk Road and the Grand Canal have successfully applied for the heritage and won the reputation. The total number of China’s World Heritage Sites has reached 48, ranking second in the world. Third, the protection of movable cultural relics has been further strengthened. The construction quality of safety protection and environmental monitoring and control equipment for cultural relics warehouses has gradually improved, and the preservation environment of precious cultural relics in the collection has been significantly improved. More than 800 movable cultural relics restoration and preventive protection of museum collections have been completed, and more than 40,000 precious cultural relics have been restored in five years. Five provinces and cities including Beijing, Shanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, and Guangdong have launched pilot collections of material evidence for economic and social development.

　　Reporter: Reasonable utilization is an important content of the cultural relics work policy, and it is also a highlight of the cultural relics work during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. In the past five years, what measures have been taken in the use of cultural relics and what results have been achieved?

　　Liu Yuzhu: Taking multiple measures to make cultural relics come alive, and give full play to the role of cultural relics in promoting economic and social development, this is a new requirement and new task put forward by the Party Central Committee on cultural relics work. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we have mainly carried out three aspects of work to strengthen the rational use of cultural relics. One is to vigorously improve the public cultural service level of museums. The development of museums continues to maintain rapid growth. The total number of museums nationwide has reached 4,510, of which the total number of free open museums has reached 3,717. More than 150 museums in 15 provinces have launched pilot projects to improve the museum's youth education function, promote the effective connection of museum education resources and school education, and build a social practice platform for primary and secondary school students. Improve the state-owned collection of cultural relics resource sharing mechanism, improve the quality of museum display and exhibition, and increase the utilization rate of collections of cultural relics. Organize national museum exhibition season activities, solicit exhibition projects to promote excellent traditional culture and cultivate socialist core values ​​from the whole society, and focus on recommending a group of excellent exhibitions that highlight the core socialist values. The average annual total number of exhibitions held by museums across the country has reached 26,000, and the average annual number of visitors received has increased to 720 million. The second is to actively contribute to promoting development and benefiting people's livelihood. Efforts to achieve the integration of cultural relics protection and new urbanization construction, and to improve the quality of life of the people, coordinate the promotion of the overall protection and utilization of traditional villages in the county, which not only maintains the integrity and continuity of traditional villages, but also improves the living conditions of indigenous villagers , The first batch of 51 national protection and provincial protection centers to form traditional village protection projects have been fully started, and the second batch of 100 traditional village protection and utilization projects have been fully launched. Continue to promote the protection of large sites and the construction of national archaeological site parks. While improving the level of site protection and display, promote environmental remediation, local economic development and improvement of residents’ lives. Efforts to promote the integration of excellent cultural relics resources with modern life, vigorously develop creative museum products and services, hold museums and related product and technology expos, and museum cultural product creative design promotion activities. A large number of cultural and museum creative products have been widely welcomed by consumers, and they are accelerating cultural development. Active attempts are made in industrial development and meeting the multi-level cultural needs of the people. More and more cultural relics resources, such as the Grand Canal, Hani Terraces, the former site of the former Central Soviet Area in Southern Jiangxi, and the traditional villages of Songyang, Zhejiang, have increasingly become new highlights of local economic and social development, and new engines for the promotion of tourism economy. Third, the exchanges and cooperation of cultural relics with foreign countries have become more active, effectively promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. The exchanges between governments on the protection of cultural relics have deepened. The total number of countries that have signed bilateral agreements on the prevention of theft, excavation, and illegal entry and exit of cultural property has reached 19; the return of lost cultural relics has achieved new results, and successfully recovered from the United States, France, Australia and other countries More than 100 cultural relics have contributed to the return of 60 precious cultural relics stolen and lost from the Dabaozishan site in Gansu. Closer cooperation with international organizations, the successful hosting of the 4th International Expert Conference on the Return of Cultural Property, the Advisory Committee and Executive Committee of the International Council of Monuments and Sites, China was elected as a member of the first subsidiary committee of the UNESCO 1970 Convention. Focusing on major national diplomatic activities, successfully held a number of foreign cultural relics exhibitions with Chinese connotations and international expressions, such as the "Han Feng-Chinese Han Dynasty Cultural Relics Exhibition" in France. "Cultural relics show you China" digital display system is stationed abroad The Chinese Cultural Center and foreign museums have been exhibited successively, effectively enhancing the international influence of Chinese culture. The scope of foreign aid projects for cultural relics protection continues to expand. The Chinese government’s assistance to the restoration of the Ta Keo Temple in Angkor, Cambodia has been basically completed, the restoration of cultural relics and archaeology in Kenya, the ancient city of Khiva in Uzbekistan, and the renovation of the ancient Krumbal Pagoda in Mongolia are progressing smoothly, and the Kathmandu temple in Nepal The restoration project is fully launched. Deepen cultural relic exchanges and cooperation with Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and enhance Chinese cultural identity.

　　Reporter: What progress has the cultural relics system made in deepening reform and administration according to law?

　　Liu Yuzhu: In terms of deepening reform, complete the phased tasks of reforming the administrative examination and approval system of the State Council, cancel 9 items of administrative examination and approval of decentralized cultural relics, cancel 2 items of professional qualification permits and 3 items of intermediary services, and clean up the central government 116 administrative examination and approval items for cultural relics implemented in designated places, and 4 examination and approval items implemented in designated places were cancelled. Regarding reserved administrative approval items, standardize management, optimize processes, and improve efficiency; for decentralized administrative approval items, combine decentralization, strengthen supervision, and improve services. Actively promote the reform of the examination and approval of cultural relics protection projects and the establishment of the museum council system. In terms of administration according to law, a major achievement during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period is the basic formation of a cultural relics protection legal system with the Cultural Relics Protection Law as the core. We mainly focused on three things: One is to strengthen the construction of cultural relics laws and regulations. In accordance with the legislative plan of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the requirements of the legislative plan of the State Council, the research and drafting of the revision of the Cultural Relics Protection Law has been actively, steadily and steadily advanced. In cooperation with the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council to actively promote museum legislation, the State Council promulgated the "Museum Regulations." A batch of normative documents such as the "Administrative Measures for the Protection of the Grand Canal Heritage" and the "Administrative Measures for the Restoration of Cultural Relics in Collections" were issued by the Ministry of Culture. 15 national standards related to cultural relics and 72 industry standards were issued. The second is to increase the intensity of supervision of cultural relics law enforcement. Improve the discovery mechanism of illegal cultural relics, establish a reporting center for illegal cultural relics, open a 12359 reporting line and website, implement remote sensing law enforcement monitoring of immovable cultural relics, and strengthen law enforcement inspections. Strengthen the investigation and punishment mechanism of cultural relics violations, continue to carry out special inspections of cultural relics law enforcement, seriously investigate and deal with key legal violations of legal persons, publicly expose them, and enforce discipline and accountability. Strengthen joint law enforcement, establish a joint long-term work mechanism with the Ministry of Public Security to combat and prevent cultural relics crimes, set up a national cultural relics crime information center, cracked the case of "11·26" robbery of ancient cultural sites and burials in Chaoyang, Liaoning, and cracked the massive theft of cultural relics in Dingzhou, Hebei Case and so on. Carried out a special campaign against the smuggling of cultural relics and crimes in 13 provinces with the General Administration of Customs, and carried out a special campaign with the State Oceanic Administration in 11 provinces to carry out a joint cultural heritage law enforcement cruisemove. Build a long-term mechanism for the safety of cultural relics. Sixteen ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Safety of Cultural Relics" to jointly manage the safety of cultural relics. Develop a cultural relic safety announcement system and a safety incident notification system, strengthen safety supervision and facility construction, carry out a pilot program for dynamic supervision of cultural relics safety law enforcement, and carry out special actions for the investigation and remediation of hidden cultural relics safety hazards. The third is to strengthen law-based administration and law popularization. Issued the "Opinions on the Administration of the Cultural Relics System by Law and the Construction of a Government Ruled by Law" and the "Guiding Opinions on the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" of the Cultural Relics System" to promote the establishment of a legal government in the national cultural relics system and guide the national cultural relics system to carry out cultural relics legal publicity Popularize work.

　　Reporter: Cultural relics protection capacity building is the key task of cultural relics work during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period. What achievements have been made in this regard?

　　Liu Yuzhu: During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, we emphasized the foundation work of consolidating the protection of cultural relics and continuously improving the protection of cultural relics. This is an important guarantee for progress in our work. Here, I will focus on briefly introducing technology and talents. In terms of scientific and technological innovation, we have established a national engineering technology research center, 3 innovation alliances, and 23 scientific research bases in key areas to form a systematic protection of unearthed water-saturated bamboo and wood lacquerware, stone cultural relics, and painted murals. Technical solutions have made new breakthroughs in common technologies such as cultural relic risk pre-control, scientification of traditional processes, and protection and restoration equipment, and focus on the large-scale application of advanced and applicable technological achievements. "Research and Development and Application of Mobile Laboratory for On-site Protection of Cultural Relics Unearthed" won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award. The United Ministry of Industry and Information Technology initiated the construction of Chongqing's National Cultural Relics Protection Equipment Industrial Base, and established a collaborative work platform for the industrialization and application of cultural relics protection equipment. With regard to the construction of the cultural and expo talent team, the team has gradually been optimized and the overall quality has been significantly improved. We released the "National Cultural and Museum Talent Development Medium and Long-term Planning Outline (2014 — 2020)" and implemented the National Cultural Museum Talent Training “Jinding Project”. It has trained more than 15,000 cultural relics protection personnel for the local five years, and successfully completed the first rotation training for the country’s county-level cultural relics administrative department heads for a total of 2,716 five years, 25 sessions, and the trainees covered 31 provinces, municipalities, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. . We have also focused on cultural and cultural vocational education, intensified the training of talents with scarce skills, established cultural and cultural talent training demonstration bases, established a cultural relics protection vocational education teaching steering committee, and integrated archaeological exploration technology, cultural relics protection and restoration, and cultural relics museum services and management. One major is included in the "Professional Catalogue of Higher Vocational Schools", and 9 occupations, including cultural relic restorers and archaeological technicians, are included in the "Classification of the People's Republic of China" to expand the cultivation of cultural and cultural talents in an all-round way.